The Pericardium Channel of Hand Jueyin

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

MANIA

GV-26, HT-7, PC-8, PC-6, ST-40

• Phlegm-Fire (+ CV-12)

• Phlegm-Heat-Blood stasis (+ CV-12, BL-17)

• Fire depleting Yin (+ LV-2, KD-3)

CHEST PAIN

PC-6, HT-6, PC-4, CV-17

• Qi-Blood stasis (+ LV-3, SP-10)

• Cold congealing (+ CV-8, GV-9)

• Phlegm blocking channel (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Yang Qi deficiency (+ BL-15, GV-9)

FAINT

GV-26, GV-20, PC-9, KD-1

• Excess (+ LI-4, LV-3)

• Deficiency (+ ST-36, CV-4)

• Cold extremities (+ CV-12, CV-6, CV-4)

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The Pericardium Channel of Hand Jueyin 

The Pericardium channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the San Jiao Channel. It’s also the Hand channel of Jueyin. Let’s start with the primary channel.

The Pericardium Primary Channel

The Pericardium primary channel starts in the center of the chest. It connects with the Pericardium, then goes down through the diaphragm, to the Middle Jiao and the Lower Jiao. 

There is a branch from the inside of the chest that emerges near PC-1. It goes down along the antero-medial aspect of the arm and passes PC-3. It goes between the tendons of the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis muscles and ends at PC-9. 

Another branch comes out at PC-8 and ends at the radial aspect of the ring finger. 

The Pericardium Luo-connecting Channel

The Pericardium luo-connecting channel starts at PC-6. It goes up the arm and connects with the Heart. 

The Pericardium Divergent Channel

The Pericardium divergent channel separates from the primary channel at the upper arm and goes to the chest to connect with the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. There is a branch that goes to the throat and emerges behind the ear, joining with the San Jiao channel. 

The Pericardium Sinew Channel

The Pericardium sinew channel starts at the middle finger. It joins the Lung sinew channel and binds at the medial side of the elbow. It goes up the antero-medial aspect of the upper arm and binds inferior to the axilla. 

It disperses in the chest and binds at the diaphragm. 

Key Points

• The primary channel originates in the center of the chest

• The primary channel and divergent channel traverse the Upper, Middle, and Lower Burner

• The divergent channel crosses the throat and goes to behind the ear

• The primary channel connects with PC

• The luo-connecting channel connects with HT

Signs and Symptoms of Primary Channel

• Stiff neck

• Contraction of elbow or hand

• Pain along the course of the channel

Signs and Symptoms of Luo-connecting Channel

• Pain in the heart region, mental restlessness (excess)

• Stiffness of head (deficiency) 

Signs and Symptoms of Sinew Channel 

• Pain, stiffness and sprain of the palms, inner aspect of arm, elbow, axilla

• Pain in the heart region

Major Acupuncture Points on Pericardium Channel

PC-3, 7, 8, and 9 clear Heat from Nutritive and Blood level, treating bleeding disorders or skin disorders. PC-3 can clear Heat from the Qi level, so bleeding this point can treat high fever, agitation, and thirst. Also, it harmonizes the stomach and Intestines, treating vomiting and diarrhea due to Summer-Heat. PC-7 is the major point for emotional disorders of both deficiency and excess nature. PC-8 is similar to PC-7, but it is better at clearing the Liver Fire transmitting to the Heart. PC-9 is used for reviving consciousness, as well as for the tongue disorders.   

PC-4 invigorates Blood and dispel stasis. When there is acute pain in the chest that radiates to the back or arm due to Bloodstasis, this point can be used. PC-6 is another major point that treats chest pain. These two points both calm the spirit and have beneficial effects on mental and emotional disorders. PC-6 can also regulate the functions of the Spleen and Stomach in the Middle Jiao, and the Liver in the Lower Jiao. Like many other points of the Pericardium channel, these two points can clear the Heat, but PC-4 can cool Blood and stops bleeding.

PC-5 is the major point that transforms phlegm, often used in the phlegm disorders, such as swelling of the axilla, plumstone Qi, mania, and epilepsy. It is also indicated for halting speech and loss of voice. 

So, that was the Pericardium Channel. Next, we will learn about the San Jiao Channel of Hand Shaoyang. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Liver Channel of Foot Jueyin

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

RED & PAINFUL EYES 

Taiyang, BL-2, GB-20, LI-4, LV-3

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, LU-11)

• LV-GB Fire (+ LV-2, GB-43)

HEADACHE

Yangming: ST-8, Yintang, GB-14, LI-4, ST-44

Shaoyang: Taiyang, SJ-23, GB-8, GB-20, SJ-5, GB-41

Taiyang: BL-10, GV-19, GB-20, SI-3, BL-62

Jueyin: DU-20, Sishencong, LV-3, PC-9

• Exterior invasion (+ GV-16, LU-7)

• Live Yang (+ LV-2, KD-3)

• Blood deficiency (+ SP-6, ST-36)

• Phlegm (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-10, BL-17)

LIN SYNDROME

CV-3, BL-28, SP-6, SP-9

• Heat (+ BL-40, LV-2)

• Stone (+ ST-28, BL-39)

• Blood (+ BL-17, SP-10)

• Qi (+ LV-5, LV-3)

• Damp (+ CV-4, ST-39)

• Fatigue (+ BL-20, BL-23)

DYSMENORRHEA

CV-3, SP-6, SP-8, Shiqizhui, BL-32

• Qi stagnation-Blood stasis (+ LV-3, SP-10)

• Cold congealing Blood (+ CV-4, ST-29)

• Qi and Blood deficiency (+ CV-6, SP-10)

• Kidney deficiency (+ BL-23, KD-3)

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The Liver Channel of Foot Jueyin

The Liver channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Gall Bladder channel. It’s also the Foot channel of Jueyin.

The Liver Primary Channel

The Liver primary channel starts at LV-1, at the big toe and goes in front of the medial malleolus. It goes up the leg, intersecting SP-6, goes anterior to the Spleen channel until 8 cun above the medial malleolus, and then goes posterior to the Spleen channel. 

It passes LV-8 near the medial end of the popliteal crease, encircles the genitals, and enters the lower abdomen, meeting with CV-2, 3, and 4. 

It goes around the Stomach and enters Liver and Gall Bladder. It goes through the diaphragm and spreads in the ribs and hypochondriac region. It goes up along the neck, behind the throat to the nasopharynx, and connects with the tissues around the eye. And then it goes to the vertex meeting with GV-20. 

A branch from the eye goes down through the cheek and encircles the inner surface of the lips.

Another branch from the Liver goes through the diaphragm to the Lung, meeting with PC-1. 

The Liver Luo-connecting Channel

The Liver luo-connecting channel starts at LV-5. It connects with the Gall Bladder channel and then goes to the genitals. 

The Liver Divergent Channel

The Liver divergent channel starts at the dorsum of the foot and goes to the pubic region, connecting with the Gall Bladder channel. 

The Liver Sinew Channel

The Liver sinew channel starts at the dorsum of the big toe and binds at the anterior aspect of the medial malleolus. It goes along the medial aspect of the tibia and binds at the medial condyle. It goes up the medial aspect of the thigh to the genitals, binding with other sinew channels. 

Key Points

• The primary channel goes to the vertex, eyes, and inner surface of the lips

• The primary, luo-connecting, and sinew channels go to the genitals and the divergent channel goes to the pubic region

• The divergent channel starts at the dorsum of the foot

• The primary channel goes around the Stomach and enters the Liver and Gall Bladder

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

• Headache 

• Pain and swelling of the eye

• Leg cramps

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

• For excess, there is swelling and pain of the testicles, colic, abnormal erection, hernia

• For deficiency, there is itching of the genital region, impotence

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel

• Pain and stiffness of the big toe, inner aspect of the ankle and leg, impotence, contraction of the scrotum or vagina, persistent erection  

Major Acupuncture Points on the Liver Channel

LV-1 regulates Qi in the Lower Jiao, treating Shan disorders, signs and symptoms including swelling or pain of the genital and pain in the lower abdomen. It is also indicated for disorders of urination and menstruation. LV-1 is effective for both excess and deficiency for the disorders of urination. For disorders of menstruation, LV-1 is primarily used for excess condition, such as Heat in the Blood. 

LV-2 has actions of spreading LV Qi, clearing LV Fire, and pacifying LV Wind. So this point is commonly used for disorders of the head, such as headache, dizziness, redness or pain of the eyes, and throat painful obstruction. 

As it can clear the LV Fire, this point is beneficial for the Fire and stagnant Qi transmitting to the HT, treating disorders of LV and HT, such as irritability, insomnia, and palpitations.

As LV Blood is related to the Uterus, LV Fire can be transmitted to the Uterine Blood. LV-2 can treat disorders of menstruation due to Heat, such as menorrhagia and early menstruation. 

LV-3 is the most important point of this channel because it has a wide range of actions and indications. It can treat both deficiency and excess conditions. It can treat both LV organ and LV channel diseases. 

It clears the Upper Jiao, treating disorders and head and eyes. It regulates the Lower Jiao and menstruation, treating genito-urinary diseases. 

It can drain the excess by spreading LV Qi and subduing LV Yang extinguishing LV Wind. It can also tonify the deficiency by nourishing LV Blood and LV Yin. 

LV-4, 5, and 8 spread LV Qi, regulate the Lower Jiao, and clear Heat in the LV channel. LV-4 has additional indications of excessive sighing due to Qi stagnation in the chest and inversion counterflow of the feet.

LV-5 is indicated for plumstone Qi. 

LV-8 has additional action of invigorating the Blood and regulating the Uterus, treating infertility, abdominal masses, or amenorrhea due to Bloodstasis. 

So, that was the Liver channel. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Gall Bladder Channel of Foot Shaoyang

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

RED & PAINFUL EYES 

Taiyang, BL-2, GB-20, LI-4, LV-3

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, LU-11)

• LV-GB Fire (+ LV-2, GB-43)

STUFFY NOSE w/ LOSS OF SMELL

LI-20, Yintang, BL-7, LU-7, LI-4

• Wind-Heat in LU channel (+ LU-5, LU-11)

• GB Heat (+ GB-34, GB-43)

• SP-ST Damp-Heat (+ LI-11, SP-9)

HEADACHE

Yangming: ST-8, Yintang, GB-14, LI-4, ST-44

Shaoyang: Taiyang, SJ-23, GB-8, GB-20, SJ-5, GB-41

Taiyang: BL-10, GV-19, GB-20, SI-3, BL-62

Jueyin: DU-20, Sishencong, LV-3, PC-9

• Exterior invasion (+ GV-16, LU-7)

• Live Yang (+ LV-2, KD-3)

• Blood deficiency (+ SP-6, ST-36)

• Phlegm (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-10, BL-17)  

SCIATICA

BL channel: Jiaji on lower back, BL-54, BL-40, BL-57, BL-60, BL-67

GB channel: Jiaji on lower back, GB-30, GB-34, GB-39, GB-40

• Cold-Damp (+ GV-4, GV-3)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-10, SP-6)

• Qi-Blood deficiency (+ ST-36, SP-6)

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The Gall Bladder Channel of Foot Shaoyang

The Gall Bladder channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Liver channel. It’s also the Foot channel of Shaoyang. 

The Gall Bladder Primary Channel

The Gall Bladder primary channel starts at GB-1, near the outer canthus of the eye. It goes to GB-2, in front of the ear, and goes GB-4, near the corner of the forehead. It comes down to GB-7, in the region above the ear, and curves around the ear to GB-12, at the mastoid process. 

It traverses the temporal region, crossing ST-8, and goes down to GB-14, in the supraorbital region. It traverses the parietal region and descends to GB-20, below the occiput. 

It goes to GB-21, at the top of the shoulder, and meets with GV-14, crossing SJ-15 on the shoulder. It goes laterally, crossing BL-11 and SI-12, and enters internally to ST-12. 

There is a branch that emerges from the behind the ear. It enters the ear at SJ-17 and comes out in front of the ear, passing SI-19 and ST-7, to the outer canthus of the eye. It goes down to ST-5, anterior to the angle of the jaw, and comes back to the infraorbital region, meeting with BL-1. It goes down again, passing ST-6 and ST-9, to rejoin the primary channel at ST-12. 

It goes down to PC-1, crosses the diaphragm, and connects with Liver and Gall Bladder. It comes out at the inguinal region and encircles the genitals. It goes internally to the sacrum, crossing Bladder points and GV-1, and then emerges at GB-30. 

Another branch at the supraclavicular fossa goes down to GB-22 and continues along the side of the body to GB-30. It follows the lateral aspect of the leg, goes in front of the lateral malleolus, and ends at GB-44. The last branch comes out at GB-41 and goes to the medial tip of the big toe, linking with the Liver channel. 

The Gall Bladder Luo-connecting Channel

The luo-connecting channel comes out at GB-37, connects with the Liver channel, and goes down to disperse in the foot. 

The Gall Bladder Divergent Channel

The divergent channel comes out on the thigh and goes up to the pubic hairline, meeting with the Liver divergent channel. It enters the flank, connecting with the Gall Bladder and Liver. It crosses the Heart and esophagus, disperses in the face, and connects with the eye, rejoining the primary channel. 

The Gall Bladder Sinew Channel

The sinew channel starts at the 4th toe and binds at the lateral malleolus. It goes up and binds at the lateral side of the knee. A branch at the fibula goes up the thigh. A sub-branch binds in the region above ST-32. Another sub-branch binds at the sacrum. The sinew channel continues up along the flank to link with the breasts and bind at ST-12. It traverses behind the ear and goes to the vertex, meeting with the sinew channel of the opposite side. Another branch from the temple region traverses the cheek and binds at the side of the nose and the outer canthus of the eye. 

Key points

• Primary, divergent, and sinew channels are all related with the eye.

• Primary channel encircles the genitals and divergent channel enters the pubic hairline.

• Primary channel goes to the chest and sinew channel links with the breast. 

• Primary and sinew channels go to the sacrum.

• Sinew channel goes to the vertex. 

• Primary channel connects with Liver and Gall Bladder.

• Divergent channel connects with Liver, Gall Bladder, and Heart. 

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

• Alternating chills and fever

• Headache

• Deafness

• Pain and distention of the breasts

• Pain in the hip

• Pain and weakness in the leg

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

• Fainting, hypochondrial pain (excess)

• Weakness and flaccidity of the leg, cold feet, paralysis of the leg (deficiency)

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel

• Pain and stiffness and the 4th toe, lateral aspect of ankle, knee, and leg, difficulty bending knees, paralysis of the leg, chest and hypochondrial pain, inability to open the eyes 

Major Acupuncture Points of the Gall Bladder Channel

GB-8 is the major point for treating parietal and temporal headaches. This point is useful, whether it is due to exterior Wind or internal problems, such as LV Yang rising, LV Wind, or LV Fire. 

This point is also indicated for Phlegm in the diaphragm and Stomach, causing incessant vomiting or fullness on eating or drinking. 

GB-20 is one of the major points that activates the channel and alleviates pain. It treats any types of headaches and it also treats disorders of the neck, shoulder, and upper back.

Another action of this point is to eliminate Wind from the head and clear the sense organs. Whether it is exterior Wind or interior disharmony, disorders of the eyes and nose can be treated with this point. GB-37 can be added for treating the disorders of the eyes. 

GB-21 activates the channel and alleviates pain, like GB-20, treating disorders of the neck, shoulder, and upper back. This point has a strong action of regulating Qi and descending Qi. So this point is used a lot for disorders of the rebellious Qi, such as cough or shortness of breath. Due to its descending action, it is used in difficult labor as well. So this point is contraindicated for a pregnant woman. But, in other cases, this point is indicated for disorders of the breast, such as pain, abscess, or breast milk not flowing.

Most of the points on the leg dispel Wind-Damp, treating painful obstruction of the leg. Especially GB-30, 31, 34, 38, and 39. GB-31 has a special action of clearing Wind from the whole body, treating itching skin. GB-34 is the Hui-meeting point of sinews, treating any cramping, stiffness, and pain of the sinews and muscles of the whole body. GB-38 can clear Heat in the Gall Bladder channel. And GB-39 is the Hui-meeting point of marrow, treating sinew painful obstruction characterized by weakness, flaccidity, and chronic nature. 

GB-41 is good at spreading the Liver Qi. This point can be used in any disorders of Qi or phlegm stagnation. It can treat many signs and symptoms, especially distending pain of the breast or menstrual pain, and swelling or nodules in the neck, breast, and axilla. 

So, that was the Gall Bladder Channel. Next, we will learn about the Liver Channel of Foot Jueyin. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Sanjiao Channel of Hand Shaoyang

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

HEADACHE

Yangming: ST-8, Yintang, GB-14, LI-4, ST-44

Shaoyang: Taiyang, SJ-23, GB-8, GB-20, SJ-5, GB-41

Taiyang: BL-10, GV-19, GB-20, SI-3, BL-62

Jueyin: DU-20, Sishencong, LV-3, PC-9

• Exterior invasion (+ GV-16, LU-7)

• Live Yang (+ LV-2, KD-3)

• Blood deficiency (+ SP-6, ST-36)

• Phlegm (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-10, BL-17)

FACIAL PARALYSIS

GB-14, ST-3, SI-18, ST-7, ST-4, SJ-17, Qianzheng, Taiyang, LI-4

• Wind-Cold (+ GB-20, GV-16)

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, SJ-1)

• Qi and Blood deficiency (+ ST-36, CV-6)

RED & PAINFUL EYES 

Taiyang, BL-2, GB-20, LI-4, LV-3

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, LU-11)

• LV-GB Fire (+ LV-2, GB-43)

TINNITUS & DEAFNESS

EXCESS: GB-2, SJ-17, SJ-3, GB-43

• Exterior Wind (+ SJ-5, LI4)

• LV-GB Fire (+ LV-3, GB-40)

DEFICIENCY: KD-3, BL-23, SI-19, SJ-17

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The Sanjiao Channel of Hand Shaoyang 

The Sanjiao channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Pericardium Channel. It’s also the Hand channel of Shaoyang. 

The Sanjiao Primary Channel 

The Sanjiao primary channel starts at the ulnar side of the ring finger and goes between the 4th and 5th metarcarpal bones, passing SJ-3. It goes up the posterior aspect of the arm between the radius and ulna. It continues to go up the arm, goes around the shoulder, meeting with SI-12, and then goes to GV-14. 

It goes to the top of the shoulder, meeting with GB-21, and goes to ST-12. It disperses in the chest at CV-17. It connects with the Pericardium, goes down through the diaphragm, and connects with CV-12, linking with its pathway of Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. 

There is a branch at CV-17 that goes back to the supraclavicular fossa, and goes to the posterior aspect of the ear. 

It circles the ear, meeting with Gall Bladder points, goes down to SI-18 on the cheek, and up to the inferior aspect of the eye. 

There is a branch behind the ear that enters the ear. It comes out in front of the ear, intersecting with SI-19 and GB-3. It crosses the primary channel and ends at the outer canthus of the eye, linking with GB-1. 

The Sanjiao Luo-connecting Channel

The Sanjiao luo-connecting comes out at SJ-5. It follows the posterior aspect of the arm and converges with the Pericardium channel in the chest. 

The Sanjiao Divergent Channel

The Sanjiao divergent channel comes out on the head and goes to the vertex. It also goes down to the supraclavicular fossa, disperses in the chest, and then crosses Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. 

The Sanjiao Sinew Channel

The Sanjiao sinew channel starts at the ulnar side of the ring finger and binds at the dorsum aspect of the wrist. It goes up the posterior aspect of the arm, and then binds at the tip of the elbow. It continues going up the arm and joins the Small Intestine channel at the neck. 

There is a branch at the mandle that goes internally to the root of the tongue. Another branch in front of the ear goes to the outer canthus of the eye and then binds at the corner of the forehead. 

Key Points

• The primary channel circles around the ear and enters the ear

• The primary channel crosses the Gall Bladder points on the head

• The primary channel goes to the outer canthus of the eye and the inferior aspect of the eye; the sinew channel goes to the outer canthus of the eye

• The primary and divergent channels go through the supraclavicular fossa

• The divergent channel goes to the vertex and the sinew channel binds at the corner of the forehead

• The luo-connecting and divergent channels disperse in the chest

• The sinew channel connects with the root of the tongue 

• The primary channel connects with the Pericardium

• The primary channel and divergent channel go through the Sanjiao

Signs and Symptoms of Primary Channel

• Pain along the channel

• Pain and discharge from the ear, deafness

• Pain at the top of the shoulders 

• Alternating chills and fever

Signs and Symptoms of Luo-connecting Channel

• Contraction of the elbow, pain of the outer aspect of the arm, inability to raise the arm, swollen, painful throat, dry mouth (excess) 

• Loosening of the elbow joint (deficiency)

Signs and Symptoms of Sinew Channel

• Sprain and stiffness of the ring finger, wrist, elbow, upper arm, shoulder, and neck, curling of the tongue.

Major Acupuncture Points of the Sanjiao Channel

SJ-1, 2, 3, and 5 clear Heat in the Upper Jiao and alleviate pain along the channel. All of these points can treat disorders of the eyes, ears, and mouth, including the tongue. 

SJ-1 is more effective for the tongue disorders, while SJ-3 is more effective for the ear disorders. 

SJ-2 has additional action of calming the spirit.  

SJ-5 can dispel the exterior pathogens, whether Wind-Heat or Wind-Cold. It can also treat all kinds of headaches. 

SJ-6 clear Heat in the three jiao, Upper, Middle, and Lower, and it’s good at resolving stagnant Heat of the Liver and Gall Bladder. It also moves Qi of the Intestines, treating constipation. This point is also used for sudden loss of voice and channel disorders, such as wandering painful obstruction. SJ-20 is an interesting point that can treat not only ear disorders, but also disorders of teeth, gums, and lips. 

So, that was the Sanjiao Channel. Next, we will learn about the Gall Bladder Channel of Foot Shaoyang. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Kidney Channel of Foot Shaoyin

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

DIZZINESS

EXCESS: GV-20, GB-20, LV-3, PC-6, ST-40

• LV Yang Rising (+ LV-2, GB-8)

• Phlegm-Damp (+ CV-12, SP-9)

• Blood stasis (+ BL-17)

DEFICIENCY: GV-20, GB-20, BL-18, BL-23, ST-36

• Qi-Blood deficiency (+ BL-20, CV-6)

• KD Essence deficiency (+ GB-39, KD-3)

INSOMNIA

KD-6, BL-62, HT-7, SP-6, An Mian, Si Shen Cong

• LV Fire (+ LV-2)

• Phlegm-Fire (+ ST-40, PC-8)

• HT-SP deficiency (+ BL-15, BL-20) 

• HT-KD disharmony (+ BL-15, BL-23)

• HT-GB Qi deficiency (+ BL-15, BL-19)

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The Kidney Channel of Foot Shaoyin

The Kidney Channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Bladder Channel. It’s also the Foot channel of Shaoyin. Let’s start with the primary channel.

The Kidney Primary Channel

The Kidney primary channel starts beneath the little toe, crossing KD-1 at the sole of the foot. The channel emerges at KD-2 and goes to KD-3, posterior to the medial malleolus. It circles around and goes to KD-6, inferior to the medial malleolus. Then it goes up along the medial aspect of the leg. It crosses the Spleen channel at SP-6 and goes to KD-10, at the medial side of the popliteal fossa. 

It goes up along the postero-medial aspect of the thigh to the tip of the coccyx, intersecting with the Governing Vessel at GV-1. It goes through the spine, enters the Kidney and Bladder. 

There is a branch from the Kidney that goes to the Liver, passes diaphragm, and enters the Lung. It goes along the throat and ends at the root of the tongue.

Another branch from the Lung joins the Heart, linking with the Pericardium at CV-17.  

The primary channel comes out at the upper border of pubic symphysis, 0.5 cun lateral to the midline at KD-11. It goes up, intersecting with CV-3, 4, and 7. It follows the 0.5 cun line until KD-21, then goes to 2 cun lateral to the midline. It continues to go up along the 2 cun line and ends at KD-27, inferior to the clavicle.  

The Kidney Luo-connecting Channel

The Kidney Luo-connecting channel starts at KD-4, posterior to the medial malleolus, and connects with the Bladder channel. It goes up along the primary channel to below of Pericardium and goes into the lumbar spine.   

The Kidney Divergent Channel

The Kidney divergent channel comes out at the popliteal fossa. It follows the Bladder divergent channel and connects with the Kidney. It crosses the Girdling Vessel in the region of the 2nd lumbar spine. Then goes to the root of the tongue and emerges at the nape of the neck, converging with Bladder primary channel. 

The Kidney Sinew Channel

The Kidney sinew channel starts beneath the little toe. It joins the Spleen sinew channel inferior to the medial malleolus and binds at the heel where it joins the Bladder sinew channel. It goes up the leg and binds at the medial condyle of the tibia and at the genitals. It goes internally and goes up along the inner aspect of the spine to the nape of the neck, binding to the occipital bone and converging with the Bladder sinew channel. 

Key Points

• The primary channel and sinew channel begin beneath the little toe.

• The primary channel intersects the Spleen channel at SP-6.

• The primary channel and luo-connecting channel go to the lumbar spine; the sinew channel goes to the inner aspect of the spine and occipital bone.

• The divergent channel and sinew channel go to the nape of the neck. 

• The primary channel and divergent channel go to the root of the tongue. 

• The sinew channel binds at the genital. 

• The primary channel enters KD, BL, LV, LU, and HT.

• The luo-connecting channel goes below PC. 

• The divergent channel enters KD. 

Signs and symptoms of the Primary Channel

• Pain in the lower back

• Pain in the sole of the foot

Signs and symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

The Kidney luo-connecting channel has excess and deficiency syndrome. For excess, signs and symptoms include mental restlessness, depression, retention of urine, pain in the heart region, and distention and fullness of the chest. For deficiency, there is lower back pain.

Signs and symptoms of the Sinew Channel

• Pain, stiffness and sprain of the toes, foot, inner ankle

• Stiffness of the spine and neck

• Inability to bend forward and backward

• Convulsions

Major Acupuncture Points on Kidney Channel

KD-1 is good at treating LV Yang rising, LV Fire, and LV Wind due to its action of descending excess from the head. These patterns are excess above and deficiency below, causing signs and symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, and vision problems. Along the same line, this point can harmonize the HT and KD, treating mental and emotional problems. 

As the Kidney channel goes to the throat and the root of the tongue, KD-1 is also known to treat signs and symptoms, such as throat painful obstruction, inability to swallow, and loss of voice. 

KD-1 is also indicated for shortness of breath or coughing due to KD deficiency and running piglet Qi.

KD-2 has a prominent action of clearing Kidney Yin deficiency Heat, causing signs and symptoms such as dry throat, night sweating. But at the same time, it also has a tonifying Yang action. So moxibustion on this point can treat Yang deficiency with spontaneous sweating, cold extremities, diarrhea, and edema. 

KD-6 is the major point for treating the sore throat, whether deficient or excess. This point is also indicated for both insomnia and somnolence. And it regulates the Lower Burner, treating disorders of the genito-urinary system as well as any kind of constipation. 

KD-7 regulates the Water Passages. It can treat any type of edema. It can induce or stop sweating. And it can also stop the bleeding, such as blood in the urine or stool, and uterine bleeding. KD-8 is also the major point for the uterine bleeding problems. It can treat uterine bleeding due to both KD deficiency and excess, such as Damp-Heat or Bloodstasis. These two points are located very close to each other. 

KD-10 treats the excess patterns of the genito-urinary disorders. It treats signs and symptoms, such as uterine bleeding, leucorrhea, genital itching, and difficult or urgent urination, by clearing Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner.

So, that was the Kidney Channel. Next, we will learn about the Pericardium Channel of Hand Jueyin. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Bladder Channel of Foot Taiyang

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

BACKPAIN

BL-23, BL-25, BL-40

• GV channel (+ SI-3)

• BL channel (+ BL-62)

• Cold-Damp (+ GV-3)

• Blood stasis (+ BL-17)

• KD deficiency (+ LV-3)

SCIATICA

BL channel: BL-54, BL-40, BL-57, BL-60, BL-67

GB channel: GB-30, GB-34, GB-39, GB-40

COMMON COLD 

LU-7, LI-4, GB-20, GV-14, SJ-5

• Wind-Cold (+ BL-12, BL-13)

• Wind-Heat (+ LI-11, LU-5)

• Weak patients (+ ST-36, CV-6)

• Headache (+ Yintang, Taiyang)

• Runny nose (+ LI-20)

• Cough (+ BL-13, CV-22)

• Body pain (+ GV-12)

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The Bladder Channel of Foot Taiyang

The Bladder Channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Kidney channel. It’s also the Foot channel of Taiyang. Let’s start with the primary channel. 

The Bladder Primary Channel

The Bladder primary channel starts at BL-1 at the inner canthus of the eye. It goes up to the top of the head, intersecting with GB-15, GV-24, and GV-20. There is a branch that comes down to the region above the ear, intersecting with several Gall Bladder points. Another branch enters the brain, meets with GV-17, emerges at the nape of the neck, then separates into medial and lateral branches. 

The medial branch intersects with GV-14 and GV-13, then goes down to the lumbar region, 1.5 cun lateral from the midline. It connects with the Kidneys and Bladder, goes down along the sacrum, then goes to BL-40 at the popliteal fossa of the knee. 

The lateral branch goes down to the lumbar region, 3 cun lateral to the midline. It crosses the buttock, intersecting with GB-30, then goes to BL-40, meeting with the medial branch. 

The channel goes to BL-60, posterior to the lateral malleolus, then ends at BL-67, at the lateral side of the little toe, meeting with the Kidney channel. 

The Bladder Luo-connecting Channel

The Bladder luo-connecting channel comes out BL-58 and connects with the Kidney channel. 

The Bladder Divergent Channel

The Bladder divergent channel comes out at the popliteal fossa, goes up the thigh, and curves around the anus. It connects with the Bladder and Kidneys, goes up along the spine, disperses in the cardiac region, then emerges at the neck, rejoining the primary channel. 

The Bladder Sinew Channel

The Bladder sinew channel starts at the little toe, goes posterior to the lateral malleolus, then binds at the lateral aspect of the knee. 

There is a branch inferior to the lateral malleolus that binds at the heel, goes up along the Achilles’ tendon to the calf. It separates into two branches and they bind at the medial and lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa. They go up the thigh and bind at the buttock. 

The channel goes up along the lateral aspect of the spine to the nape of the neck. A branch binds at the root of the tongue, and the channel binds at the occipital bone. 

It goes up over the head, binds at the bridge of the nose, curves around the eye, then binds at the cheekbone. 

There is a branch on the back that binds at LI-15. There is a 2nd branch that goes inferior to the axilla, goes up to the supraclavicular fossa, then binds at GB-12, behind the ear. And the 3rd branch from the supraclavicular fossa binds at the cheekbone. 

Key Points

• The primary channel begins at the inner canthus of the eye; the sinew channel circles around the eye 

• The primary channel goes over the head and enters the brain; the sinew channel goes over the head

• The primary channel goes to the region around the ear; the sinew channel goes behind the ear

• The divergent channel curves around the anus

• The sinew channel binds at the root of the tongue and at the shoulder

• The primary channel enters the Kidneys and Bladder

• The divergent channel enters the Kidneys and Bladder, and disperses in the cardiac region 

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel 

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Bladder primary channel. 

• Fever and aversion to cold

• Headache

• Stiff neck 

• Pain in the lower back

• Pain in the eyes

• Pain behind the leg along the channel

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel 

The Bladder luo-connecting channel has excess and deficiency syndrome. For excess, signs and symptoms include stuffy nose, headache, back pain, neck pain, and shoulder pain. For deficiency, there is a runny nose and nosebleed. 

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel 

Signs and symptoms of the Bladder sinew channel are 

• Pain and stiffness of the muscles of the little toe, foot, heel, and knee

• Pain and spasm of the back

• Stiff neck

• Inability to raise the shoulder

• Stiffness of the muscles of the axillary region

• Inability to twist the waist

Major Acupuncture Points of the Bladder Channel

Now let’s go over some major acupuncture points on this channel.  

BL-1 is the major point for the disorders of the eye. 

BL-2 is also used for the disorders of the eye and this point can substitute BL-1 for a safety reason. This point can be also used for the headache and hemorrhoids. On the Bladder channel, many points are indicated for hemorrhoids (BL-24, 27, 35, 36, 39, 40, 54, 56, 57, 58, 65), including local points, as well as distal points.  

BL-60 clears Wind, Fire, and excess Yang from the upper part of the body, treating signs and symptoms such as, headache, redness, pain, and swelling of the eyes, nosebleed, and toothache. 

It can also activate the entire Bladder channel and relaxes sinews, treating pain and spasm along the channel. 

Interesting indication for this point is difficult labor. Another point on this channel, BL-67 has the action of facilitating the labor as well, while application of moxibustion on this point is indicated for the malposition of the fetus. 

BL-62 can clear Wind, Fire, and excess Yang from the upper part of the body, like BL-60. This point is classically indicated for day-time epilepsy, while KD-6 is indicated for night-time epilepsy. 

Before we end, here are the 12 back-shu points on the Bladder channel. Each back-shu point corresponds to 12 organs. They are located on the medial branch of the channel on the back, 1.5 cun lateral to the spinous process of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra, and sacral foramen. 

They are classically indicated for diseases of Yin organs, rather than Yang organs. But in modern clinical practice, these back-shu points are used to treat both Yin and Yang organs with much wider applications. 

So, that was the Bladder Channel. Next, we will learn about the Kidney Channel of Foot Shaoyin. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Small Intestine Channel of Hand Taiyang

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

HEADACHE

Yangming: ST-8, Yintang, GB-14, LI-4, ST-44

Shaoyang: Taiyang, SJ-23, GB-8, GB-20, SJ-5, GB-41

Taiyang: BL-10, GV-19, GB-20, SI-3, BL-62

Jueyin: DU-20, Sishencong, LV-3, PC-9

• Exterior invasion (+ GV-16, LU-7)

• Live Yang (+ LV-2, KD-3)

• Blood deficiency (+ SP-6, ST-36)

• Phlegm (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-10, BL-17)

SORE THROAT

Excess: LU-11, LI-1, SJ-1, SI-17, ST-44

• Wind-Heat (+ GB-20, SJ-5)

• LU-ST Heat (+ ST-45, LU-10)

Deficiency: KD-3, KD-7, LU-7, LU-10

FACIAL PAIN

ST-2, ST-4, ST-7, ST-44, LI-4, LV-3

• Painful eye (+ BL-2, GB-14)

• Upper jaw (+ ST-3, SI-18)

• Lower jaw (+ CV-24, ST-6)

FACIAL PARALYSIS

GB-14, ST-3, SI-18, ST-7, ST-4, SJ-17, Qianzheng, Taiyang, LI-4

• Wind-Cold (+ GB-20, GV-16)

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, SJ-1)

• Qi and Blood deficiency (+ ST-36, CV-6)

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Small Intestine Channel of Hand Taiyang

The Small Intestine channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Heart channel. It’s also the Hand channel of Taiyang. Let’s start with the primary channel. 

The Small Intestine Primary Channel

The Small Intestine primary channel starts from SI-1, at the ulnar side of the little finger. It follows the ulnar side of the arm to SI-8, between the olecranon of the ulna and the medial epicondyle of the humerus. 

It goes up the posterior aspect of the upper arm to SI-10, located at the posterior aspect of the shoulder. It goes medially, moving along a zig-zag line to SI-15. It crosses GV-14, passes ST-12, and goes down to intersect with the Conception Vessel at CV-17 and connect with the Heart. 

It further goes down through the diaphragm and connects with the Stomach. It intersects with the Conception Vessel at CV-13 and CV-12, then enters the Small Intestine.

There is a branch from the supraclavicular fossa that traverses the neck and cheek. It meets with the Gall Bladder channel at GB-1, at the outer canthus. It goes to GB-11, and meets with San Jiao channel at SJ-20 and SJ-22, then it enters the ear at SI-19.

There is another branch from SI-18, going to the lateral aspect of the nose and to the inner canthus to meet the Bladder channel at BL-1. 

The Small Intestine Luo-connecting Channel

The Small Intestine luo-connecting channel comes out at SI-7 while connecting with the Heart channel. It goes up the arm to the shoulder at LI-15.

The Small Intestine Divergent Channel

The Small Intestine divergent channel comes out at the shoulder and enters the axilla. It connects with the Heart and Small Intestine. 

The Small Intestine Sinew Channel

The Small Intestine sinew channel starts at the dorsum of the little finger and binds at the wrist. It goes up the ulnar side of the forearm and binds at the medial condyle of the humerus. It goes up the arm and binds at the axilla. 

It surrounds the scapula, then goes to the neck, binding at the mastoid process. It goes behind the ear, where a branch enters the ear. 

The sinew channel goes around the ear and binds at the mandible.It crosses the cheek, binds at the outer canthus, and goes up to bind at the corner of the head. 

Key points

• The primary channel goes to both inner and outer canthus; the sinew channel goes to the outer canthus

• The primary channel and sinew channel enter the ear

• The sinew channel binds at the mandible and corner of the head

• The primary channel enters the Heart, Stomach, and Small Intestine 

• The divergent channel enters the Heart and Small Intestine

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Small Intestine primary channel. 

• Painful throat

• Stiff and painful neck

• Swelling of the neck

• Swelling of the cheek

• Pain in the elbow

• Pain along the lateral side of the arm and scapula

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

• For excess, there are loose joints of the shoulder, and weakness of the muscles of the elbow joint

• For deficiency, there are scabies and warts

Signs and symptoms of the Sinew Channel

• Stiffness and pain of the little finger

• Pain along the medial aspect of the arm

• Pain inferior and posterior to axilla

• Pain of the scapula that goes to the neck

• Sinew atrophy or swelling of the sides of the neck

• Pain of the ear radiating to the mandible

Major Acupuncture Points of the Small Intestine Channel

SI-1, 2, and 3 can clear both exterior and interior Heat from the Small Intestine channel in the head. They are indicated for excess disorders of the sense organs. It clears the Heat or ascending Yang in the head, treating signs and symptoms of red eyes, tinnitus and deafness, nosebleed, Pain and swelling of the cheek, and painful obstruction of the throat.

But SI-1 is also indicated for disorders of the breast, such as breast abscess and absence of lactation. 

SI-2 is good at clearing Toxic Heat that causes pain and swelling. 

SI-3 is an important point that can treat disorders along the spine, such as occipital headache, stiffness and pain of the neck, pain of the upper spine and scapula, and lumbar sprain. 

SI-3 is also indicated for manic-depression due to Phlegm or Phlegm-Heat, and epilepsy due to Wind-Phlegm.

SI-6 is used for acute, severe pain of the shoulder, scapula, and arm. This point is also indicated for eye disorders of deficient type, such as blurring and dimness of vision. 

SI-9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are in the scapular region. This group of 7 points is also known as the Big Dipper.

For stiffness or pain of the shoulder, we can choose SI-9, 10, 11, and 12.

For stiffness or pain of the neck, we can choose SI-13, 14, and 15. 

SI-18 is a major point for the treatment of the facial disorders, such as facial paralysis and trigeminal neuralgia. 

SI-19 is an important point for ear disorders, such as tinnitus, deafness, and ear discharge. 

So, that was the Small Intestine Channel. Next, we will learn about the Bladder Channel of Foot Taiyang. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Heart Channel of Hand Shaoyin

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

INSOMNIA

KD-7, BL-62, HT-7, SP-6, Anmian, Sishencong

• LV Fire harassing HT (+ LV-2)

• Phlegm-Heat harassing HT (+ ST-40, PC-8)

• HT-SP deficiency (+ BL-15, BL-20)

• HT-KD not communicating (+ BL-15, BL-23)

• HT-GB deficiency (+ BL-15, BL-19)

MANIC BEHAVIOR

GV-26, HT-7, PC-8, SJ-5, ST-40

• Phlegm-Fire (+ CV-12)

• Excess Fire damaging Yin (+ LV-2, KD-3)

DEPRESSION

GV-20, Yintang, LV-3, HT-7, PC-6, CV-17

• LV Qi stagnation (+ LV-14)

• Qi stagnation transforming to Fire (+ LV-2)

• Phlegm-Qi stagnation (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Malnourished HT-Mind (+ BL-15, HT-3)

• HT-SP deficiency (+ BL-15, BL-20)

• HT-KD deficiency (+ BL-15, BL-23)

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Heart Channel of Hand Shaoyin

The Heart channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Small Intestine channel. It’s also the Hand channel of Shaoyin. Let’s start with the primary channel. 

The Heart Primary Channel

The Heart primary channel originates in the Heart, emerging from the blood vessel system surrounding the Heart. It descends through the diaphragm, then connects with the Small Intestine. 

There is a branch from the Heart that goes up along the esophagus, crosses the face, and connects with the tissues around the eye. 

There is another branch from the Heart that goes to the Lungs and emerges at HT-1. The Heart channel traverses the medial aspect of the upper arm, crossing HT-3 at the elbow. It goes down along the antero-medial aspect of the lower arm, crossing HT-7 at the wrist. 

It continues its path, crossing the palm, and ends at HT-9, at the radial side of the little finger. 

The Heart Luo-connecting Channel

The Heart luo-connecting channel comes out at HT-5 and connects with the Small Intestine channel. It enters the Heart and connects with the root of the tongue and the eye. 

The Heart Divergent Channel

The Heart divergent channel separates from the Heart primary channel at the axillary fossa. It enters the chest and connects with the Heart. Then it goes up to the throat and emerges on the face, connecting with the Small Intestine channel at the inner canthus. 

The Heart Sinew Channel

The Heart sinew channel originates at the radial aspect of the little finger. It goes proximal to bind at the pisiform bone at the wrist. It goes along the medial aspect of the arm and binds at the elbow. It continues proximally and binds at the axilla. 

Then it intersects the Lung sinew channel and crosses the breast region to the center of the chest. It descends across the diaphragm and ends at the umbilicus. 

Key Points

• The primary channel originates in the Heart, emerging from the blood vessels surrounding the Heart

• The primary channel connects with the tissues surrounding the eye, the luo-connecting channel connects with the eye, and the divergent channel connects with the Small Intestine channel at the inner canthus

• The primary channel ascends along the esophagus and the divergent channel ascends along the throat

• The luo-connecting channel connects with the root of the tongue

• The divergent channel intersects with the Lung sinew channel and ends at the umbilicus

• The primary channel connects with the Small Intestine and the Lungs

• The luo-connecting and divergent channels connect with the Heart

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Heart primary channel. 

• Dry throat, thirst

• Chest pain

• Eye pain

• Pain on the inner side of the arm

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

The Heart luo-connecting channel has excess and deficiency syndrome. For excess, there is distension and fullness of the chest and diaphragm. For deficiency, there is aphasia. 

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel

Signs and symptoms of the Heart sinew channel are internal tension, accumulation below the Heart, and pain, stiffness and sprain of the muscle along the course of the channel. 

Main Acupuncture Points of the Heart Channel

HT-3 can clear Heat and transform Phlegm. Due to these actions, this point can drain Heat from the head, treating signs and symptoms, such as red eyes, toothache, headache, and dizziness. It can also treat disorders related to Phlegm, such as mania, epilepsy, and poor memory. 

As most of the points of the Heart channel can calm spirit, HT-5 can treat psycho-emotional disorders. It is classically indicated for a wide range of emotional manifestations, such as fright, agitation, fear, vexation, anger, sadness, and depression. And if there is concurrent palpitations or irregular heart rhythm, HT-5 can be used because it can regulate the Heart Qi as well.

HT-5 is the major point for the loss of voice and the stiffness of the tongue due to wind-stroke, as well as headache, dizziness, and red eyes. 

One thing that is interesting about this point is it’s also indicated for gynecological disorders, such as menorrhagia caused by Heat in the Blood. 

HT-6 is the major point for the night sweating. Sweat is the Yin fluids of the Heart. This point can also treat Steaming bone disorder due to Yin deficiency. 

HT-7 is an important point of the Heart channel in calming and regulating the Mind. This point has a variety of indications related with disorders of the Mind, such as insomnia, frequent talking during sleep, poor memory, and so on. And this point is indicated for any type of palpitations. 

Also, HT-7 clears Heat from the channel, treating swelling, dryness, and pain of the throat. HT-9 is similar in that it clears Heat in the Upper Burner, such as swelling, dryness, and pain of the tongue, throat, or eyes, but it can revive consciousness as well. 

HT-8 also clears Heat, but it clears the Heat of the Small Intestine and Bladder channel in the Lower Burner, treating urogenital disorders, such as itching or pain of the genitals, difficult urination, prolapse of the uterus, and so on. 

HT-8 is also indicated for emotional disorders due to Heart Qi deficiency, which manifests signs and symptoms, such as palpitations, sadness and worry, excessive fear, excessive sigh, and so on. 

Next, we will learn about the Small Intestine channel of Hand Taiyang. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

EPIGASTRIC PAIN

CV-12, ST-36, PC-6, SP-4

• Cold Invading ST (+ ST-34, BL-21)

• Food stagnation (+ CV-10, ST-21)

• LV attacking ST (add LV-3, LV-14)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-6, BL-17) 

• SP-ST deficiency Cold (+ BL-20, CV-4)

• ST Yin deficiency (+ BL-21, ST-44) 

EDEMA

BL-22, BL-40, CV-9, ST-28, SP-9

• Upper Burner (+ BL-13, LU-7)

• Lower Burner (+ SP-6, CV-4)

LIN SYNDROME

CV-3, BL-28, SP-6, SP-9

• Heat (+ BL-40, LV-2)

• Stone (+ ST-28, BL-39)

• Blood (+ BL-17, SP-10)

• Qi (+ LV-5, LV-3)

• Damp (+ CV-4, ST-39)

• Fatigue (+ BL-20, BL-23)

DYSMENORRHEA

CV-3, SP-6, SP-8, Shiqizhui, BL-32

• Qi stagnation-Blood stasis (+ LV-3, SP-10)

• Cold congealing Blood (+ CV-4, ST-29)

• Qi and Blood deficiency (+ CV-6, SP-10)

• Kidney deficiency (+ BL-23, KD-3)

---

Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin

The Spleen channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Stomach channel. It’s also the Foot channel of Taiyin. Let’s start with the primary channel. 

The Spleen Primary Channel

The Spleen primary channel begins at SP-1, at the medial side of the big toe. It goes along the medial aspect of the foot and ascends to SP-5, in front of the medial malleolus. 

It ascends the leg along the posterior aspect of the tibia, it crosses the Liver channel 8 cun above the medial malleolus. It continues to go up along the medial aspect of the knee and the antero-medial aspect of the thigh to the lower abdomen. 

It intersects the Conception Vessel at CV-3, CV-4, and CV-10, and then enters the Spleen and Stomach.   

It emerges in the region of the Stomach, goes to SP-16, 4 cun lateral to the midline, passses through GB-24 and LV-14. It goes to SP-20, 6 cun lateral to the midline, meeting with LU-1. The channel goes down to end at SP-21. 

There is a branch from the Stomach that goes through the diaphragm and connects with the Heart. Finally, another branch goes through the diaphragm, goes up along the esophagus to spread over the lower surface of the tongue. 

The Spleen Luo-connecting Channel

The luo-connecting channel starts at SP-4. It connects with the Stomach channel. It enters the abdomen to connect with the intestines and Stomach. 

The Great Luo-connecting Channel

The great luo-connecting channel comes out at SP-21 and it spreads through the chest and lateral costal region.  

The Spleen Divergent Channel

The divergent channel comes out from the primary channel in the middle of the anterior thigh, following the divergent channel of the Stomach to the throat, where it penetrates the tongue. 

The Spleen Sinew Channel

The sinew channel starts at SP-1 and binds at the SP-5. It goes up the leg and binds at SP-9. It goes up the thigh and binds at the groin, and then converges at the genitals. It goes up the abdomen and binds at the umbilicus. It enters the abdomen and binds at the ribs and spreads in the chest. Finally, a branch from the inside of the chest adheres to the spine. 

Key points

• The primary channel passes through the hypochondriac, passing GB and LV points, and ascends along the chest to meet with LU-1; the great luo-connecting channel spreads through the chest and lateral costal region; and the sinew channel binds at the ribs and spreads in the chest

• The primary channel branch runs alongside the esophagus and spreads over the lower surface of the tongue, and the divergent channel goes to the throat and penetrates the tongue 

• The primary channel goes to the lower abdomen, intersecting the Conception Vessel 

• The sinew channel converges at the genitals, binds at the umbilicus, and adheres to the spine

• The primary channel enters the Spleen, Stomach, and Heart

• The luo-connecting channel enters the Stomach and intestines 

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Spleen primary channel. 

• Stiffness of the tongue, pain of the tongue  

• Vomiting 

• Epigastric pain, epigastric stuffiness

• Abdominal pain, abdominal distention 

• Loose stool

• Inability to urinate 

• Swelling, cold feeling, or weakness of the leg muscles 

• A feeling of a heavy body

Stiffness of the tongue, pain of the tongue. The primary and divergent channels go to the tongue. 

Vomiting, epigastric pain, epigastric stuffiness, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and loose stool. These are digestive problems we can expect as the luo-connecting channel enters the intestines and Stomach. 

Inability to urinate, swelling, cold feeling, or weakness of the leg muscles, and a feeling of a heavy body. They are signs and symptoms due to Spleen’s dysfunction of transportation and transformation of the fluids. 

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

• Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea (excess)

• Abdominal distention (deficiency)

Signs and Symptoms of the Great Luo-connecting Channel

• Pain all over the body, weakness and flaccidity of the joints of the four limbs, backache radiating to the abdomen

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel

• Strain of the big toe, pain and cramping of the medial aspect of the ankle, knee, and thigh, twisting pain of the genitals that may reach the navel, the lateral costal region, chest or spine 

Main Acupuncture Points of the Spleen Channel

Now let’s go over some major acupuncture points on this channel.  

SP-1 is the point to choose for fullness in the chest and below the Heart because it unbind the chest. 

It also treats the bleeding disorder in the lower burner. If there is uterine bleeding or blood in urine or stool due to Spleen deficiency, moxibustion can be applied to this point. On the other hand, if the bleeding is due to Heat in the Blood, needling or pricking can be applied to this point. 

SP-2 is indicated for excess Dampness or Damp-Heat, causing sudden swelling of the four extremities, heaviness of the body with pain in the bones, and oppression of the chest. 

It is also indicated for Heat in the Stomach and Intestines, causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric and abdominal distention or pain.

SP-3 is an important point that not only tonifies the Spleen deficiency, but also resolves excess Dampness and Damp-Heat. So it can treat various signs and symptoms related to the Dampness with deficiency, such as borborygmus, diarrhea, heaviness of the body, and so on. 

SP-5 is similar to SP-3 in that both points can treat the Spleen deficiency and excess Dampness. Likewise, SP-3 can treat heaviness of the body and pain of the joints and SP-5 can treat diseases of the sinews and bones. But SP-3 has a strong tendency towards tonifying, whereas SP-5 has more moving and reducing actions. 

Also, SP-5 is indicated for stiffness and pain at the root of the tongue and impaired speech. 

SP-4 is an important point for upper and lower abdominal distention or pain caused by Qi stagnation or Bloodstasis from Dampness obstruction. 

It is also indicated for emotional disorders. Phlegm can obstruct the Heart or Phlegm-Heat can agitate the Mind, causing manic-depression; Qi and Blood deficiency can cause insomnia or restlessness. Either way, SP-4 is a good point to choose. 

SP-6 has a wide range of actions and indications. It is a primary point for the Spleen disharmony, but it is also used for the Heart and Kidney disharmony. Moreover, this point is the meeting point of the 3 Yin channels of the foot, the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney channels. So SP-6 can be used to treat any disorders of the lower burner, including genital problems, urinary and gynecological disorders. 

SP-8 can moderate acute conditions, especially gynecological disorders. This point has strong actions of resolving Qi stagnation and Bloodstasis. SP-10 is similar to this point in that SP-10 can also invigorate the Blood and remove Bloodstasis. But SP-10 has an additional action of cooling the Blood.

Lastly, SP-9 opens and moves the Water Passages. This point drains excess Dampness and Damp-Heat, but it does not tonify like SP-3 or SP-5 does. 

Next, we will learn about the Heart Channel of Hand Shaoyin. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

---

* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

HEADACHE

Yangming: ST-8, Yintang, GB-14, LI-4, ST-44

Shaoyang: Taiyang, SJ-23, GB-8, GB-20, SJ-5, GB-41

Taiyang: BL-10, GV-19, GB-20, SI-3, BL-62

Jueyin: DU-20, Sishencong, LV-3, PC-9

• Exterior invasion (+ GV-16, LU-7)

• Live Yang (+ LV-2, KD-3)

• Blood deficiency (+ SP-6, ST-36)

• Phlegm (+ ST-40, CV-12)

• Blood stasis (+ SP-10, BL-17)

SORE THROAT

Excess: LU-11, LI-1, SJ-1, SI-17, ST-44

• Wind-Heat (+ GB-20, SJ-5)

• LU-ST Heat (+ ST-45, LU-10)

Deficiency: KD-3, KD-7, LU-7, LU-10

TOOTHACHE

ST-6, ST-7, LI-4, ST-44

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-17)

• ST Fire (+ ST-45)

• Deficiency Fire (+ KD-3)

FACIAL PAIN

ST-2, ST-4, ST-7, ST-44, LI-4, LV-3

• Painful eye (+ BL-2, GB-14)

• Upper jaw (+ ST-3, SI-18)

• Lower jaw (+ CV-24, ST-6)

FACIAL PARALYSIS

GB-14, ST-3, SI-18, ST-7, ST-4, SJ-17, Qianzheng, Taiyang, LI-4

• Wind-Cold (+ GB-20, GV-16)

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, SJ-1)

• Qi and Blood deficiency (+ ST-36, CV-6)

MANIC BEHAVIOR

GV-26, HT-7, PC-8, SJ-5, ST-40

• Phlegm-Fire (+ CV-12)

• Excess Fire damaging Yin (+ LV-2, KD-3)

---

The Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming

The Stomach channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Spleen channel. It’s also the Foot channel of Yangming. Let’s start with the primary channel.  

The Stomach Primary Channel

The primary channel begins at LI-20, goes up to meet with BL-1 at the medial canthus, and comes down to the first Stomach channel point, ST-1. It keeps going down to enter the upper gum and meet with GV-26 and GV-28, located between the nose and the upper lip. It curves around the lips and meets with CV-24, at the groove of the chin. It goes laterally across the cheeks to ST-5 and ST-6. It ascends to ST-8, passing a few Gall Bladder points, and it meets with GV-24 at the midline of the front hairline. 

There is a branch at ST-5 that goes down along the anterior aspect of the neck and enters the supraclavicular fossa, where ST-12 is located. It goes to the upper back and meets with GV-14, goes down through the diaphragm, linking with CV-13 and CV-12, and enters the Stomach and Spleen. 

From ST-12, the primary channel goes down to ST-18, and then passes 2 cun lateral to the midline. It goes down to ST-30, where another branch from the pyloric orifice of the Stomach merges in the inguinal region. 

It continues to go down along the antero-lateral aspect of the thigh and lower leg. It travels to the dorsum of the foot and ends at ST-45, at the lateral side of the second toe. 

There is a branch at ST-36 that goes to the lateral side of the middle toe. Another branch comes out at ST-42 and ends at SP-1, at the medial side of the big toe.  

The Stomach Luo-connecting Channel

The Stomach luo-connecting channel starts at ST-40. It goes up along the medial aspect of the lower leg to join the Spleen channel. It continues to ascend to the nape and head, then ends at the throat. 

The Stomach Divergent Channel

The Stomach divergent channel branches off in the middle of the thigh, enters the abdomen, then enters the Stomach, Spleen, and Heart. It goes up along the esophagus, mouth, nose, and eyes, then rejoins the Stomach primary channel. 

The Stomach Sinew Channel

The Stomach sinew channel begins at the middle three toes, binds at the dorsum of the foot, goes up along the lateral aspect of the tibia, and binds at the lateral aspect of the knee. It connects with the Gall Bladder sinew channel, binds at the hip joint, and connects with the spine. 

There is a branch that goes along the tibia and binds at the knee and pelvic region above the genital. This branch goes up along the abdomen and binds at ST-12. It continues to go up to the neck, jaw, and mouth, binds below the nose, and joins the Bladder Sinew channel to form a lower muscular net around the eye. There is a branch that separates at the jaw and binds in front of the ear.  

Key points 

• The Stomach primary channel begins at LI-20

• The primary channel meets with GB, GV, and CV points on the head

• The primary channel enters the upper gum and connects with both the upper and lower teeth by joining GV-26 and CV-24

• The primary channel’s branch at ST-36 connects with the middle toe and at ST-42 connects with the big toe

• The primary, divergent, and sinew channels are related with the eye

• The primary and sinew channels are related with the ear

• The luo-connecting channel goes to the nape and the head, and ends at the throat

• The sinew channel binds at the hip and above the genial, and connects with the spine

• The primary channel enters the Stomach and Spleen

• The divergent channel enters the Stomach, Spleen, and Heart

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Stomach primary channel. 

• Manic behavior

• Abdominal distention 

• Nose bleed

• Facial paralysis 

• Swelling of the neck

• Pain along the course of the channel 

Most of these are the pathological signs and symptoms shown along the Stomach channel. And the quality is that of Heat, involving redness, swelling and pain. 

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

• For excess, signs and symptoms include manic behavior and epilepsy; also, if the Qi counterflows, there may be swollen, sore throat and sudden loss of voice 

• For deficiency, signs and symptoms include flaccidity and atrophy of the leg

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel

Signs and symptoms of the Stomach sinew channel are sprain of the middle toe, contraction of the muscles of the lower leg and thigh, swelling in the groin, hernia, spasm of abdominal muscles that extends to the supraclavicular fossa and cheek, deviation of mouth, inability to close the eyes due to spasm from cold, inability to open the eyes due to flaccidity from heat.

Main Acupuncture Points of the Stomach Channel

ST-1 is the major point for any eye disorder. It not only dispels Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat, but also moves Qi and Blood, so this point can be used for both exterior and interior conditions. 

ST-4 is the major point for facial paralysis. Facial paralysis can be caused by Wind or Cold invading the channel, ST-LV Fire, or yin deficiency Heat. Whatever has caused the deviation, ST-4 can be used.

ST-6 is the major point for the jaw disorder and for the lower gum and teeth disorders. It is often combined with ST-7, which has additional action of treating disorders of the ear.

ST-8 is an important point for headaches. Since it’s on the Yangming channel, it is good at treating the frontal headache, but it can also treat temporal and vertex headaches because this is the meeting point of the Stomach channel with the Gall Bladder channel and Yang Linking vessel. 

ST-25 is the major point that regulates the intestines. This point is great for treating any diarrhea or dysentery. It also has actions of regulating Qi and removing stagnation, so it is also indicated for vomiting, distention and pain of the abdomen, and even abdominal or uterine masses. 

This point is often combined with ST-37, the lower He-sea point of the Large Intestine. ST-39 is the lower He-sea point of the Small Intestine, which can also treat diarrhea and dysenteric disorder, has additional indications for Small Intestine channel, such as severe lower abdominal pain that goes to the testicles or extreme sensation of cold and heat in the shoulder.

ST-36 is the most important point on the Stomach channel, perhaps among all acupuncture points, because it can be used in the treatment of any disorder of the Stomach. 

This point is the most important point in supporting the Spleen and Stomach, the “Root of the Post-Heaven,” thus generating Qi and Blood. Variety of disorders due to deficiency can be treated with this point, even muscle flaccidity and atrophy.  

In addition to tonifying action, ST-36 can also clear Fire, transform phlegm, and activate the channel. Clearing Fire and transforming phlegm by tonification of the Spleen can help with manic behavior and activating the channel by moving of Qi and Blood can treat painful obstruction.  

ST-40 transforms any accumulation of phlegm. Phlegm in the Lung causes coughing, wheezing, or asthma, Phlegm in the Heart causes emotional depression or manic disorder, and Phlegm with Qi stagnation in the throat causes a sensation of throat blockage. Many other diseases involving phlegm, ST-40 is the number one point to choose.  

When there is Heat in the Stomach channel, there may be signs and symptoms, such as frontal headache, redness of the face and eyes, nosebleed, or throat painful obstruction. When there is Heat in the Stomach organ, there may be signs and symptoms, such as abdominal distention, belching, excessive hunger, or constipation. 

ST-41 clears Heat in both the Stomach channel and Stomach organ. As the Stomach divergent channel enters the Heart, clearing Heat in the Stomach channel has an effect of calming the Mind. That is why many points on the Stomach channel that clear Heat, including ST-41, can calm the spirit as well. 

When there is swelling of the eyes or face, and borborygmus due to dampness, ST-43 can be combined because this point can regulate the Spleen and dispel edema. 

Lastly, ST-44 can clear Heat and calm the spirit like ST-41. One interesting indication of this point is hands and feet counterflow cold, where hands and feet are cold while the body is hot. 

Next, we will learn about the Spleen channel of Foot Taiyin. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

---

* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Large Intestine Channel of Hand Yangming

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

RED & PAINFUL EYES 

Taiyang, BL-2, GB-20, LI-4, LV-3

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-5, LU-11)

• LV-GB Fire (+ LV-2, GB-43)

STUFFY NOSE w/ LOSS OF SMELL

LI-20, Yintang, BL-7, LU-7, LI-4

• Wind-Heat in LU channel (+ LU-5, LU-11)

• GB Heat (+ GB-34, GB-43)

• SP-ST Damp-Heat (+ LI-11, SP-9)

SORE THROAT

Excess: LU-11, LI-1, SJ-1, SI-17, ST-44

• Wind-Heat (+ GB-20, SJ-5)

• LU-ST Heat (+ ST-45, LU-10)

Deficiency: KD-3, KD-7, LU-7, LU-10

TOOTHACHE

ST-6, ST-7, LI-4, ST-44

• Wind-Heat (+ SJ-17)

• ST Fire (+ ST-45)

• Deficiency Fire (+ KD-3)

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The Large Intestine Channel of Hand Yangming

The Large Intestine channel is the Yin-Yang pair channel of the Lung channel. It’s also the Hand channel of Yangming. Let’s start with the primary channel.  

The Large Intestine Primary Channel

The Large Intestine primary channel begins at LI-1 at the radial side of the tip of the index finger. It goes along the index finger, passes LI-4, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones, and then passes LI-5, between the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and brevis. 

It traverses the lateral aspect of the forearm, passes LI-11, and continues to go along the lateral aspect of the upper arm, reaching LI-15. It goes around the shoulder, passes SI-12 in the center of the suprascapular fossa, and goes to GV-14, below the spinous process of the vertebra of C7. 

From GV-14, it enters the supraclavicular fossa, connects with the Lungs, passes the diaphragm, and connects with the Large Intestine. There is a branch at GV-14. It goes along the lateral aspect of the neck, passes the cheek, and then enters the lower gums. 

The channel passes ST-4, curves around the upper lip, passes GV-26, crossing to the other side of the face. It continues until it reaches LI-20 at the side of the nose, and then connects with the Stomach channel of Foot Yangming. 

The Large Intestine Luo-connecting Channel

The Large Intestine luo-connecting channel begins at LI-6. At this point, the channel joins the Lung channel. It also goes up the arm through LI-15 to the jaw and it divides on the cheek, one connecting with the teeth and the other entering the ear.

The Large Intestine Divergent Channel

The Large Intestine divergent channel separates from the hand and goes along the arm, passing LI-15. It goes to the spinal column and then to the supraclavicular fossa. It descends to the thorax, breast, Lungs, and Large Intestine. There is a branch from the supraclavicular fossa that goes along the throat and rejoins the Large Intestine channel. 

The Large Intestine Sinew Channel

The Large Intestine sinew channel starts at LI-1 and binds at the dorsum of the wrist. It goes along the lateral aspect of the forearm, binds at the elbow, continues along the upper arm, and binds at the shoulder. 

There is a branch that goes around the scapular and attaches to the upper thoracic spine. From the shoulder, the sinew channel goes up to the neck. There is a branch that goes across the cheek and binds at the side of the nose. 

The sinew channel continues to ascend, crosses the temple and the corner of the forehead. It further goes up to the top of the head and then connects with the mandible on the opposite side. 

Key points 

• The primary channel passes GV-26, crossing to the other side of the face (It is the only channel that crosses the midline of the body) 

• All 6 Yang channels go to GV-14, so does the Large Intestine primary channel

• The primary channel enters the lower gum and the luo-connecting channel connects with the teeth

• The luo-connecting channel also enters the ear

• The primary and divergent channels connect with the Lungs and Large Intestine

• The divergent channel goes to the spinal column; it also ascends along the throat and descends to the breast

• The sinew channel attaches to the upper thoracic spine; It also goes to the corner of the forehead, top of the head, and the mandible on the opposite side

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Large Intestine primary channel. 

• Runny nose

• Nose bleeding

• Toothache

• Swollen Neck 

• Swollen, painful throat

• Dry mouth

• Red, painful eyes

These are signs and symptoms on the head where the Yangming channels go. And of course, there can be pain along the course of the channel, such as the lateral aspect of the arm. 

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel

The Large Intestine luo-connecting channel has excess and deficiency syndrome. 

• For excess, signs and symptoms include toothache and deafness

• For deficiency, signs and symptoms include sensation of cold in the teeth and obstruction of the diaphragm

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel

Signs and symptoms of the Large Intestine sinew channel are cramping and pain along the course of the channel, inability to raise the shoulder, and inability to turn the head from one side to the other. 

Main Acupuncture Points of the Large Intestine Channel

Now let’s go over some major acupuncture points on this channel.  

Wind-Heat or Heat toxin in the Large Intestine channel often manifests on the face because the Yang pathogenic factors, such as Wind or Heat attacks the Yang part of the body, such as the head; the Large Intestine channel traverses the face, so we can see signs and symptoms, such as painful throat, toothache of the lower jaw, pain of the lower cheek, runny nose, nose bleeding, swelling of the submandibular region, dry mouth, deafness, and tinnitus. LI-1, 2, 3, and 4 can expel Wind and clear Heat. 

Let’s talk more about LI-4 here, because LI-4 is a very important point. It has many actions and clinical applications. As we already talked about, LI-4 can treat the swelling or pain in the face region. LI-4 can treat disorders of the face and sense organs regardless whether they are acute or chronic, hot or cold, and deficiency or excess. 

LI-4 can release the exterior, meaning it can induce sweating and expel the exterior pathogens, whether Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat. LI-4 can not only induce sweating but also stop sweating. This dual action of LI-4 can be understood as the ability to regulate the defensive Qi, which can adjust the opening and closing of the pores. 

The luo-connecting point of the Large Intestine channel is LI-6. The Large Intestine luo-connecting channel connects with the Lung channel. As we know already by now, the Large Intestine channel is in Yin-Yang relationship with the Lung channel. That is why all these points on the Large Intestine channel can release the exterior, which is one of the actions of the Lungs. 

In addition to expelling Wind function, LI-6 can open and regulate the water passages; this is one of the Lungs’ functions as well. For instance, Wind invasion disrupting the Lungs’ function of regulating the water passages can cause difficult urination or edema with absence of sweating. In this case, LI-6 can be used.

LI-11 regulates the circulation of Qi and Blood in the limb. So this point is used for both atrophy disorder with immobility and painful obstruction with numbness. For these cases, this point is often used with LI-4 and LI-15. 

LI-11 is an important point that clears Heat because it can clear any kind of Heat in the body. Also, since it can expel Wind, resolve Damp, and clear Fire toxin, this point is used for the treatment of the skin disorders of excess type as well. 

LI-20 treats disorders of the nose, such as nasal congestion and discharge. LI-20 is the last acupuncture point of the Large Intestine channel. And this is also a meeting point of the Large Intestine channel and the Stomach channel. So this point can treat the Stomach channel disorders, especially problems of the sense organs and the face. 

Next, we will learn about the Stomach channel of Foot Yangming. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

---

* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

The Lung Channel of Hand Taiyin

Below is the pattern differentiation and acupuncture treatment prescription for the signs and symptoms we have learned in this video. There are still a few more things to learn before fully understanding this information. But I will leave these here for those who are interested in taking a peek of what’s coming later or for those who already have some knowledge about pattern differentiation and want to learn more. Until next time! :) 

COMMON COLD 

LU-7, LI-4, GB-20, GV-14, SJ-5

• Wind-Cold (+ BL-12, BL-13)

• Wind-Heat (+ LI-11, LU-5)

• Weak patients (+ ST-36, RN-6)

• Headache (+Yintang, Taiyang)

• Runny nose (+LI-20)

• Cough (+ BL-13, CV-22)

• Body pain (+ GV-12)

COUGH 

Exterior Invasion: BL-13, LU-7, LI-4

• Wind-Cold (+ BL-12, SJ-5)

• Wind-Heat (+ GV-14, LU-5)

Interior Disharmony: BL-13, LU-1, LU-9, SP-6

• Phlegm-Damp (+ ST-40)

• Liver Fire (+ LV-2, LU-10)

• Liver Yin deficiency (+ BL-43; LU-6 for blood in phlegm)

SORE THROAT 

LU-11, LI-1, SJ-1, SI-17, ST-44

EXCESS 

• Wind-Heat (+ GB-20, SJ-5)

• LV-ST Fire (+ LU-10, ST-45)

DEFICIENCY: + KD-3, KD-7, LU-7, LU-10

WHEEZING & PANTING 

BL-13, LU-1, LU-9, CV-17, Dingchuan

• Excess (+ LU-5, LU-10)

• Deficiency (+ BL-43, BL-23)

• Profuse phlegm (+ CV-12, ST-40)

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The Lung Channel of Hand Taiyin

Hello and welcome back, this is Junhwa from TCMexplained. In this post, we will be learning our first channel, the Lung channel of Hand Taiyin. Let’s start with the “cun” measurement system because it will guide us how the channels traverse the body. Base unit for this system is 1 cun, this is the width of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. 

• The distance between the angles of the front hairline is 9 cun

• The distance between the midpoint of the clavicles is 8 cun

• The distance between the sternocostal angle and the belly button is 8 cun 

• The distance between the belly button and the pubic symphysis is 5 cun

• The distance between the anterior axillary crease and the cubital crease is 9 cun

• The distance between the cubital crease and the wrist crease is 12 cun

• The distance between the lateral prominence of the greater trochanter and the popliteal crease is 19 cun

• The distance between the eyebrow and the front hairline is 3 cun

• The distance between the front hairline and and back hairline is 12 cun

• The distance between the mastoid processes is 9 cun

• The distance between the medial borders of the scapulas is 6 cun

• The distance between the gluteal fold and the popliteal crease is 14 cun

• The distance between the popliteal crease and the lateral malleolus is 16 cun 

• The distance between the popliteal crease and the medial malleolus is 15 cun

The Lung Primary Channel

The Lung primary channel originates in the Middle Burner, where the Stomach is located. The channel goes down to connect with the Large Intestine, goes up again, passes the Stomach and the diaphragm, and it penetrates the Lungs. It further ascends to the throat and then emerges at the first acupuncture point of the channel, LU-1. 

It goes up to the center of the delto-pectoral triangle, goes down along the anterior-lateral aspect of the upper arm, and passes the cubital fossa of the elbow, where LU-5 is. It continues to go down along the anterior-lateral aspect of the forearm, passing LU-6. It goes to LU-7, passing the styloid process of the radius. It follows the lateral border of the radial artery, passing LU-8 and LU-9, goes to the thenar eminence, passing LU-10, and terminates at the radial side of the thumbnail at the last acupuncture point of the channel, LU-11.

The Lung primary channel has one branch at LU-7 at the styloid process. This branch goes to the radial side of the tip of the index finger, where it connects with the first acupuncture of point of the Large Intestine channel, LI-1.

The Lung Luo-connecting Channel

The Lung luo-connecting channel is relatively short. It separates at LU-7, follows the primary channel, spreading to the palm and thenar eminence, and then connects with the Large Intestine channel. 

The Lung Divergent Channel

The Lung divergent channel diverges at the axilla, connects with the Lungs and disperses in the Large Intestine. There is a branch coming off from the Lungs, goes up to the supraclavicular fossa, throat, and then connects with the Large Intestine channel. 

The Lung Sinew Channel

The Lung sinew channel starts at LU-11. It binds at the thenar eminence, goes along the flexor aspect of the forearm, binds at the center of the elbow, goes along the anterior-lateral aspect of the upper arm, and enters the chest below the axilla. It emerges in the supraclavicular region and goes laterally to the shoulder, anterior to LI-15. From the supraclavicular region, it also goes down to the chest and spreads over the diaphragm and floating ribs. 

Key Points 

• The primary channel “originates” in the Middle Burner 

• The primary and divergent channels travel to the throat region

• The primary and luo-connecting channels travel to the index finger to connect with the Large Intestine channel

• The primary channel connects with 3 organs: the Stomach, Large Intestine, and Lungs (The Lungs are the Lung primary channel’s associated Yin organ, and the Large Intestine is the internally-externally related Yang organ; The Stomach is the organ of the Yangming channel, as is the Large Intestine)

• The sinew channel starts from LU-11, unlike the primary channel

Signs and Symptoms of the Primary Channel

So, that was the anatomy of the Lung channel of Hand Taiyin. Last time we learned that one of the functions of the channels is to respond to the dysfunction in the body. The channel can have problems due to stagnation of Qi and Blood from physical injuries or overuse; the channel can have problems due to invasions of Exterior Pathogenic Factors, such as Wind or Cold; the channel can have problems because of Yin-Yang imbalance or internal organ disharmonies. 

Now, let’s look at what kind of signs and symptoms manifest when there is a problem with the Lung primary channel. 

• Shortness of breath 

• Cough and wheezing

• Fullness and oppression of the chest 

• Aversion to cold with sweating 

• Frequent urination 

• Pain in the throat 

• Pain and coldness of the arm, shoulder, and chest

Shortness of breath, cough and wheezing, and fullness and oppression of the chest are due to the dysfunction of the Lungs in respiration and descending of Qi, leading to the counterflow of Qi.   

Aversion to cold with sweating is due to the dysfunction of the Lungs in dispersing and diffusing.  

Frequent urination is due to the dysfunction of the Lungs in regulating the water passage.  

Pain in the throat, and pain and coldness of the arm, shoulder, and chest are due to stagnation of Qi and Blood in the channel.  

Signs and Symptoms of the Luo-connecting Channel 

• In excess syndrome, there is a feeling of heat in the palms

• In deficiency syndrome, there is yawning, frequent urination, and shortness of breath

Signs and Symptoms of the Sinew Channel 

• Pain and spasms of the muscles along the sinew channel

Main Acupuncture Points of the Lung Channel

Since we are learning about the signs and symptoms of channels, let’s go over some acupuncture points that can treat them as well. In general, any points on the Lung channel can be used to treat the dysfunctions of the Lungs. But every point has its own special actions. We will learn about them in more detail in future, so for now, let’s briefly go over some of the Lung channel points. 

LU-9 is a major point that can tonify both Lung Qi and Lung Yin. Lung Qi deficiency can cause cough, wheezing, and fullness and oppression of the chest with shortness of breath, yawning, or copious watery phlegm. On the other hand, Lung Yin deficiency can cause cough, wheezing, and fullness and oppression of the chest with heat in the palms, spitting of blood, or scanty dry phlegm. 

In case of cough, wheezing, and fullness and oppression of the chest due to excess, rather than deficiency, LU-1 or LU-8 is a better choice. 

LU-5 can clear all kinds of Heat from the Lungs and descend the Lung Qi. Whether Heat is caused by deficiency or excess, or internally or externally, LU-5 can be used. 

For acute conditions, LU-6 can be used, especially when there is bleeding due to Wind-Dryness or Wind-Heat.

Aversion to cold with sweating refers to the invasion of Wind, causing common-cold symptoms, such as chills and fever, nasal discharge, and headache. LU-7 is the major point that can release the exterior Wind. Not only that, it can also clear the internal Wind that causes headache. As Wind attacks the upper part of the body, LU-7 is well-known for treating the head and neck problems. 

Since the Lungs are the “upper source” of water and they regulate the water passage, when the Lungs are deficient, there may be frequent urination or inability to control urination. At this time, LU-5 can be used. On the other hand, when the Exterior Pathogenic Wind obstructs the movement of water, there can be urinary retention, and for this case, LU-5 can be used as well. 

For pain in the throat, LU-10 or LU-11 can be used. LU-10 can be used for both excess and deficiency Heat, whereas LU-11 is used more often for excess Heat.

For pain and coldness of the arm and shoulder with restricted movement, LU-5 is an important point. Also, especially for the acute conditions, LU-6 is useful as well.

For a feeling of heat in the palms, LU-10 can be used as a local point. But since LU-10 also clears heat from the Lung channel and the Lungs, it is appropriate for this condition. And LU-7, 8, and 9 are also indicated for heat in the palms. 

So, that was the first Channel of the TCM Anatomy series. I hope this was a good starting point. Next, we will learn about the Large Intestine channel of Hand Yangming. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.

System of Acupuncture Channels

System of Acupuncture Channels

Hello and welcome back, this is Junhwa from TCMexplained. Before we start our new series, I just want to say thank you to those who have reached out. All of your feedback, suggestions, and questions mean a lot. I appreciate your interest in learning TCM.

From this point onwards, we are on the new series of TCM Anatomy. By “Anatomy” we mean, the acupuncture channels and their related body tissues, sense organs, and the Zang-Fu organs. We are going to introduce a system of channels and collaterals to set a foundation for what we are going to learn in this series. 

Acupuncture channel in Chinese is called, “Jing Luo.” “Jing” means channels. These are the main branches of the channel system, which generally run up and down through our body. They are deeper in the body and they connect with the internal organs. Examples of the channels are the 12 primary channels, the 12 divergent channels, and the 8 extraordinary channels. 

“Luo” means collaterals. Collaterals are the finer branches of the channel system that are located more superficial in our body. They interconnect the channels, connective tissues, and cutaneous regions. Examples of the collaterals are the 15 luo-connecting channels and minute collaterals. 

Besides the channels and collaterals, there are the 12 sinew channels and 12 cutaneous regions. Now let’s talk about the functions of the channels. 

Functions of the Channels

The channels link every body part into an integrated whole. Each channel connects with its related tissues, sense organs, and internal organs. Not only that, the channels themselves interconnect with each other, forming a network of channels. 

Being an interconnected network, the channels act as a conduit for communication among body parts. They transport the Vital Substances, such as Qi and Blood, to every section of the body. Because of this function of channels, we are able to use acupuncture needles to send Qi to the diseased area in efforts to bring back the balance. 

The channels protect the body. The channel networks have different layers. Cutaneous region is the most superficial, and the deep pathways of the primary and divergent channels are the deepest. There is something called, “Exterior Pathogenic Factors,” such as Wind or Cold, that invade our body from the exterior. Once they penetrate our skin, they will keep attacking deeper channels and even our internal organs. So different layers of channels serve as a barrier to prevent the Exogenous Pathogenic Factors from penetrating deeper. 

Lastly, the channels can respond to dysfunction in the body. When a certain channel itself has problems, symptoms may appear along that channel. When the related internal organ has problems, symptoms may appear along that channel as well to show that there is something wrong inside. Also, disease of one channel can be transmitted onto the other channels because the channels are interconnected to each other. 

The 12 Primary Channels

Half of them are the Yin channels and the other half are the Yang channels. Let’s take a look at them in a perspective of anatomical location. 12 primary channels all run up and down the body bilaterally and symmetrically. 

6 Yin channels traverse the Yin part of the body, such as the abdomen, chest, and inside of the arm and leg. Here are the 6 Yin channels: 

The Lung channel of Hand Taiyin

The Pericardium channel of Hand Jueyin

The Heart channel of Hand Shaoyin

The Spleen channel of Foot Taiyin

The Liver channel of Foot Jueyin

The Kidney channel of Foot Shaoyin

The Lung, Pericardium, and Heart channels are the Yin channels of the “Hand.”

Since they are all Yin channels, they are located on the inside of the arms. The Lung channel occupies the anterior aspect of the inside of the arm. The Pericardium channel occupies the middle aspect and the Heart channel occupies the posterior aspect of the inside of the arm. 

The Spleen, Liver, and Kidneys channels are the Yin channels of the “Foot.” Since they are all Yin channels, they are located on the inside of the legs. The Spleen channel occupies anterior aspect of the inside of the leg. The Liver channel occupies the middle aspect and the Kidneys channel occupies the posterior aspect of the inside of the leg. 

On the other hand, 6 Yang channels traverse the Yang part of the body, such as the head, back, and outside of the arm and leg. Here are the 6 Yang channels:

The Large Intestine channel of Hand Yangming

The Sanjiao channel of Hand Shaoyang 

The Small Intestine channel of Hand Taiyang

The Stomach channel of Foot Yangming

The Gall Bladder channel of Foot Shaoyang

The Bladder channel of Foot Taiyang

The Large Intestine, Sanjiao, and Small Intestine channels are the Yang channels of the “Hand.” Since they are all Yang channels, they are located on the outside of the arms. The Large Intestine channel occupies the anterior aspect of the outside of the arms. The Sanjiao channel occupies the middle aspect, the Small Intestine channel occupies the posterior aspect of the outside of the arms. 

The Stomach, Gall Bladder, and Bladder channels are the Yang channels of the “Foot.” Since they are all Yang channels, they are located on the outside of the legs. The Stomach channel occupies the anterior aspect of the outside of the legs. The Gall Bladder channel occupies the middle aspect, the Bladder channels occupies the posterior aspect of the outside of the legs. 

Naming of the 12 Primary Channels

The name of a primary channel tells us 3 things about that channel. First, it tells us which Zang or Fu organ the channel is associated with; second, it tells us whether the channel is on the “Hand” or “Foot”; third, it tells us about the Yin-Yang identity of the channel according to theory of “6 Channels.” Understanding the naming of the 12 primary channels can help us better understand the relationship between channels.

We already know about the Yin-Yang organ pairs, which is also known as the internally-externally related organ pairs. For instance, the Lungs are the Yin or interior organ called Zang organ, which is paired with the Large Intestine, the Yang or exterior organ called Fu organ. 

The 12 primary channels follow the same pairing. So, the Lung channel and the Large Intestine channel are paired together because they are in the Yin-Yang relationship. Rest of the 5 pairs of channels follow this pairing. 

Besides the “interior-exterior” pairing, there is the “6 Channels” pairing. The 6 Channels are Taiyin, Shaoyin, and Jueyin, Yangming, Taiyang and Shaoyang.   

Among the 3 Yin channels, Taiyin is the most Yin and Jueyin is the least Yin. On the other hand, Yangming is the most Yang and Shaoyang is the least Yang. Channel that is the most Yang will balance the channel the most Yin, so Taiyin channel pairs with Yangming channel. The rest is the same, Shaoyin channel pairs with Taiyang channel, and Jueyin channel pairs with Shaoyang.  

Also, even though they are called “6 Channels,” they are actually 12 channels in total, because each 6 Channels has the “Hand” and “Foot” channels. Since the “Hand” and “Foot” channels are considered as 1 channel, we call them “6 Channels.” For instance, Taiyin channel has two parts: the Lung channel of Hand Taiyin and the Spleen channel of Foot Taiyin. Although the Lung channel of Hand Taiyin is on the arm and the Spleen channel of Foot Taiyin is on the leg, they both traverse the anterior aspect of the inside of the extremities. And the rest of the channels follow the same. 

Circulation of the 12 Primary Channels

As we can see, the 12 primary channels are distributed throughout the body in a certain pattern. Now, let’s look at how they are connected to each other to form a complete circuit around the body. 

The Lung, Pericardium, and Heart channels are the 3 Yin channels of Hands, and they start from the chest, go along the inner aspect of the arms, and end at the hands. 

The Large Intestine, Sanjiao, and Small Intestine channels are the 3 Yang channels of the Hands, and they start from the hands, go along the outer aspect of the arms, and end at the head. 

The Stomach, Gall Bladder, and Bladder channels are the 3 Yang channels of the Foot, and they start from the head, go along the outer aspect of the legs, and end at the feet. 

The Spleen, Liver, and Kidneys channels are the 3 Yin channels of the Foot, and they start from the feet, go along the inner aspect of the legs, and end at the chest. 

Here is a complete diagram that shows the Qi circulation in the 12 primary channels. 

That was a lot of information, so let’s look at this diagram and review what we learned just now. There are 12 primary channels. All the Yin channels are in the left column, and all the Yang channels are in the right column. Channels on either side are Yin-Yang pairs. Also, 6 Yin channels can be understood as Hand and Foot Taiyin channels, Hand and Foot Shaoyin channels, and Hand and Foot Jueyin channels. 6 Yang channels are the same. Hand and Foot Yangming channels, Hand and Foot Taiyang channels, and Hand and Foot Shaoyang channels. 

The flow of Qi in the 12 primary channels begins at the Lung channel. From the middle of the body, Qi goes along the inner aspect of the arms to the hands. Then moves on to the Large Intestine channel, from the hands, along the outer aspect of the arms to the head. Then the Stomach channel, from the head, along the outer aspect of the legs to the feet. And then the Spleen channel, from the feet, along the inner aspect of the legs, returning to the body. Qi has circulated once, and it will move on to the Heart Channel to start the second circuit. At the end of the third  circuit around the body, Qi in the Liver channel will enter the Lung channel to repeat the circulation process.

The 12 Divergent Channels

Each primary channel has its own divergent channel, so there are 12 primary channels and 12 divergent channels. 

The external pathways of the primary channels are superficial, so we can stimulate with acupuncture needles. On the other hand, the divergent channels are deeper pathways. For that reason, there are no acupuncture points for the divergent channel. 

But, even though they don’t have acupuncture points, they are important, because they not only strengthen the Yin-Yang relationship between the internally-externally paired channels and Zang-Fu organs, but also integrate the areas of the body that are not traversed by the primary channels.  

The divergent channel of the Yang primary channel separates from the primary channel on the limbs, enters both the primary channel’s Yang organ and the internally-externally related Yin organ, comes out at the supraclavicular fossa, neck, or face, and then rejoins the primary channel. 

The divergent channel of the Yin primary channel separates from the primary channel on the limbs, enters the primary channel’s Yin organ, connects with the divergent channel of the internally-externally related Yang primary channel, and then joins the Yang primary channel.

The 15 Luo-connecting Channels

The 15 luo-connecting channels are made of 13 luo-connecting channels of the 12 primary channels, and 2 luo-connecting channels of the Conception and Governing Vessels. There are 13 luo-connecting channels from the 12 primary channels because the Spleen channel actually has 2 luo-connecting channels. The Conception and Governing Vessels are 2 of the 8 extraordinary vessels, which we will learn more in the future.  

The luo-connecting channels come out from the main channels at the luo-connecting points and connects with the internally-externally paired channels and organs. So the divergent channels and luo-connecting channels are similar in strengthening the relationships between the internally-externally paired channels and Zang-Fu organs, but the luo-connecting channels are more superficial than the divergent channels and they have acupuncture points, unlike the divergent channels. 

These are overall trends of channel pathway. Keep in mind that not all divergent and luo-connecting channels strictly follow these pathways. 

And lastly, the 12 sinew channels and 12 cutaneous regions. They follow the pathway of their associated primary channels and they are much broader and superficial than the primary channels.   

So, that was the introduction to TCM Anatomy and now we are ready to learn more. Next, we will start with the Lung channel of Hand Taiyin. If you have any feedback or questions about the material covered, please don’t hesitate to contact at junhwa@tcmexplained.com. Until next time. 

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* The content is provided only for education purposes and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

References

1. Cheng, Xinnong, ed. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 3rd ed. Fifteenth Printing 2014. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2012.

2. Deadman, Peter, Mazin Al-Khafaji, Keven Baker. A Manual of Acupuncture. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England:Journal of Chinese Medicine Publications, 2007.

3. Kaptchuk, Ted J. The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

4. Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text for Acupuncturists and Herbalists. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015.